Watching or participating in ball games brought people together, and it provided opportunities to visit with friends and family and trade raw materials and finished goods.įrom 1075 to 1250 was a time of great transition. These open-air facilities suggest connections, probably indirect, with Mexico. 750 to 1075, people excavated large oval basins that archaeologists call “ballcourts.” The excavated earth formed raised berms around the sunken courts. 500, families arranged their courtyard groups around a central plaza area.Īt most large villages dating from A.D. In larger villages dating after about A.D. Villagers arranged their dwellings in courtyard groups, such that doorways faced each other and opened onto a common central area with shared features-storage pits, ramadas, outdoor ovens, and other facilities. Wooden posts and beams formed structures that builders covered with grass and adobe. Initially, Hohokam dwellings were “pithouses.” People dug shallow pits and built houses in them.
Just as the O’odham see a Huhugam continuum, archaeologists have verified that Hohokam traditions were rooted in a much deeper past in the Sonoran Desert. We are beginning to see the origins of Hohokam irrigation technology among much earlier communities along the Santa Cruz River in Tucson, where maize dates back to 2200 B.C., and probably earlier. The magnitude of these systems is best attested in the Phoenix area, where hundreds of miles of canals tapped the life-sustaining waters of the Gila and Salt Rivers. Notably, Hohokam communities built extensive canal systems to water vast fields of corn, beans, squash, and cotton. Unique styles of decorated pottery, specific architectural traditions, and other shared customs distinguish these ancestral people from their neighbors. Over a millennium, farmers, craftspeople, and traders established large, permanent villages in the river valleys of central and southern Arizona.
Still, it is important to understand that what archaeologists identify materially as “Hohokam” more likely represents an ideology-a way of thinking-that itself varied across the Hohokam landscape and across those thousand years. 400 to 1450-which researchers call “Hohokam”-as something distinct from what came before and what followed. Archaeologists recognize the material culture of the ancestors who lived from about A.D. You can say " Hohokam" and people don't think you're laughing funny.Īrtifacts made in Jalisco have already turned up as far north as Arizona, where it has been proven that the Anasazi and Hohokam peoples used tools made from Jalisco obsidian.O’odham peoples of the Sonoran Desert refer to their ancestors, from time immemorial to the present, as Huhugam. latest science and technology news stories That's part of a longtime mystery that may soon be solved: How did a prehistoric, egalitarian people called the Hohokam produce large quantities of decorated ceramic vessels without a "manager" hierarchy? While there are prehistoric canals in the Phoenix area signifying significant engineering acumen by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam, very little is known about this group and their is no evidence to indicate any major population centers. To the Pima, the Hohokam were a people of myth and legend, boastful predecessors who had been slain by the Pima's great hero, Elder Brother. This fallen civilization is called Hohokam by its descendants, the Tohono O'odham people.
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